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An exception handling mechanism allows the procedure to raise an exception [2] if this precondition is violated, [1] for example if the procedure has been called on an abnormal set of arguments. The exception handling mechanism then handles the exception. [3] The precondition, and the definition of exception, is subjective.
C does not provide direct support to exception handling: it is the programmer's responsibility to prevent errors in the first place and test return values from the functions. In any case, a possible way to implement exception handling in standard C is to use setjmp/longjmp functions:
The implementation of exception handling in programming languages typically involves a fair amount of support from both a code generator and the runtime system accompanying a compiler. (It was the addition of exception handling to C++ that ended the useful lifetime of the original C++ compiler, Cfront. [18]) Two schemes are most common.
In a language that supports formal exception handling, a graceful exit may be the final step in the handling of an exception. In other languages graceful exits can be implemented with additional statements at the locations of possible errors.
A number of languages implement a form of switch statement in exception handling, where if an exception is raised in a block, a separate branch is chosen, depending on the exception. In some cases a default branch, if no exception is raised, is also present. An early example is Modula-3, which use the TRY...
Exception safety is the state of code working correctly when exceptions are thrown. [1] To aid in ensuring exception safety, C++ standard library developers have devised a set of exception safety levels , contractual guarantees of the behavior of a data structure's operations with regards to exceptions.
In this C# example, all exceptions are caught regardless of type, and a new generic exception is thrown, keeping only the message of the original exception. The original stacktrace is lost, along with the type of the original exception, any exception for which the original exception was a wrapper, and any other information captured in the ...
In some languages multi-level breaks are also possible. For handling exceptional situations, specialized exception handling constructs were added, such as try/catch/finally in Java. The throw-catch exception handling mechanisms can also be easily abused to create non-transparent control structures, just like goto can be abused. [41]