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Guanfacine is also used off-label to treat tic disorders, anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder, and PTSD. [ 24 ] [ 15 ] Guanfacine and other α 2A -adrenergic receptor agonists have anxiolytic -like action, [ 25 ] thereby reducing the emotional responses of the amygdala , and strengthening prefrontal cortical regulation of ...
Methamphetamine [note 1] (contracted from N-methylamphetamine) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational or performance-enhancing drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). [23]
Psychoactive drug misuse, dependence, and addiction have resulted in legal measures and moral debate. [8] Governmental controls on manufacture, supply, and prescription attempt to reduce problematic medical drug use; worldwide efforts to combat trafficking in psychoactive drugs are commonly termed the " war on drugs ".
[116] [160] MDA is an entactogen, stimulant, and weak psychedelic similarly to MDMA. [18] Like MDMA, it acts as a potent and well-balanced SNDRA and as a weak serotonin 5-HT 2 receptor agonist. [ 153 ] [ 158 ] [ 159 ] However, MDA shows much more potent and efficacious serotonin 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 2B , and 5-HT 2C receptor agonism than MDMA.
Amphetamine type stimulants can be used in the treatment of narcolepsy, a rare neurological disorder where the brain is unable to regulate the sleep-wake mechanism. [17] Amphetamines causes an increase in dopamine release, which is the proposed mechanism for its wake-promoting effect. [ 18 ]
Levoamphetamine [note 1] is a stimulant medication which is used in the treatment of certain medical conditions. [10] It was previously marketed by itself under the brand name Cydril, but is now available only in combination with dextroamphetamine in varying ratios under brand names like Adderall and Evekeo.
2-Fluoromethamphetamine (2-FMA) is a stimulant drug of the amphetamine family which has been used as a designer drug. [2] [3] [4] 2-FMA is commonly compared to lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), and dextroamphetamine due to its efficacy as a study or productivity aid.
Cyclazodone is a centrally acting stimulant drug developed by American Cyanamid Company in the 1960s. [1] The drug is related to other drugs such as pemoline and thozalinone.It displayed a favorable therapeutic index and margin of safety in comparison to pemoline and other N-lower-alkyl-substituted pemoline derivatives. [2]