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List of SPARQL implementations available for querying and manipulating RDF data.
Current graph database products and projects often support a limited version of the model described here. For example, Apache Tinkerpop [13] forces each node and each edge to have a single label; Cypher allows nodes to have zero to many labels, but relationships only have a single label (called a reltype). Neo4j's database supports undocumented ...
Relational databases are very well suited to flat data layouts, where relationships between data are only one or two levels deep. For example, an accounting database might need to look up all the line items for all the invoices for a given customer, a three-join query. Graph databases are aimed at datasets that contain many more links.
SHACL-SPARQL describes SPARQL-based constraints and an extension mechanism to declare new constraint components. Other non-standard ways to describe and validate RDF graphs include: SPARQL Inferencing Notation (SPIN) [44] was based on SPARQL queries. It has been effectively deprecated in favor of SHACL. [45]
The SPARQL family of languages includes SquishQL, RDQL, SPARQL, and TriQL. [5] These languages treat RDF data stores as triple stores that do not necessarily have ontology or schema information associated with them. Members of the SPARQL family are considered relational query languages because they have relational or pattern-based operations. [6]
Cypher was originally intended to be used with the graph database Neo4j, but was opened up through the openCypher project in October 2015. [ 3 ] The language was designed with the power and capability of SQL (standard query language for the relational database model ) in mind, but Cypher was based on the components and needs of a database built ...
SPARUL, or SPARQL/Update, was a declarative data manipulation language that extended the SPARQL 1.0 query language standard. SPARUL provided the ability to insert, delete and update RDF data held within a triple store or quad store .
SPARQL (pronounced "sparkle", a recursive acronym [2] for SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) is an RDF query language—that is, a semantic query language for databases—able to retrieve and manipulate data stored in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format.