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Constantinople [a] (see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman empires between its consecration in 330 until 1930, when it was renamed to Istanbul.
The name İstanbul (Ottoman Turkish: استانبول; pronounced [isˈtanbuɫ] ⓘ, colloquially [ɯsˈtambuɫ]) is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase eis tḕn Pólin (εἰς τὴν Πόλιν, pronounced [is tim ˈbolin]), literally 'to the city' [21] and is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks. This ...
With its strategic position, Constantinople controlled the major trade routes between Asia and Europe, as well as the passage from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea. On May 29, 1453, the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks, and again became the capital of a powerful state, the Ottoman Empire. The Turks called the city "Istanbul ...
The Middle East is undergoing a profound transformation as new rivalries reshape its geopolitical order. For decades, the defining conflict in the region was a “cold war” between Iran and the ...
Throughout the Middle Ages, Constantinople was a kind of "workshop of splendor" for the countries of Europe and the East. In many cities and at almost all courts, silk and wool fabrics, expensive clothes, leather, ceramics and glassware, jewelry and church ornaments, cold weapons and military ammunition (especially belonging to the category of ...
The Ottoman Empire [k] (/ ˈ ɒ t ə m ə n / ⓘ), also called the Turkish Empire, [23] [24] was an imperial realm [l] that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
After the Ottoman conquest, the walls were maintained until the 1870s, when most were demolished to facilitate the expansion of the city. [220] Today only the Galata Tower, visible from most of historical Constantinople, remains intact, along with several smaller fragments. [156]
4 September: Earthquake. 25 November: Earthquake. 1452 – Rumelihisarı fortress built. 1453 6 April-29 May: Final Siege of Constantinople; City besieged by Ottoman forces; Mehmed II in power. Capital of the Ottoman Empire relocated to Constantinople from Edirne. [5] Hagia Sophia (converted from Orthodox cathedral to mosque) in use. [6]