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Dermatophytes are transmitted by direct contact with an infected host (human or animal) [3] or by direct or indirect contact with infected shed skin or hair in fomites such as clothing, combs, hair brushes, theatre seats, caps, furniture, bed linens, shoes, [16] socks, [16] towels, hotel rugs, sauna, bathhouse, and locker room floors.
Worldwide, superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes are estimated to infect around 20-25% of the population and it is thought that dermatophytes infect 10-15% of the population during their lifetime. [31] [32] The highest incidence of superficial mycoses result from dermatophytoses which are most prevalent in tropical regions.
At least eight species of dermatophytes are associated with tinea capitis. Cases of Trichophyton infection predominate from Central America to the United States and in parts of Western Europe. Infections from Microsporum species are mainly in South America, Southern and Central Europe, Africa and the Middle East. The disease is infectious and ...
Deep dermatophytosis is a rare condition in which dermatophytes invades the deep dermis, subcutis or even internal organs.The known causes of this condition are caused by primary or secondary immunodeficiency, which includes organ transplant recipients, malignant conditions e.g. leukemia, HIV infection.
Microsporum audouinii causes the infections Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm) and Tinea corporis. [2] These superficial dermal diseases are generally found in prepubescent children (starting at 6 months) and rarely affect adults. [3]
If activated, the immune system in the skin produces cell-mediated immunity against microbes such as dermatophytes (skin fungi). [32] One reaction is to increase stratum corneum turnover and so shed the fungus from the skin surface. Skin fungi such as Trichophyton rubrum have evolved to create substances that limit the immune response to them. [32]
The hair perforation test, also known as an in vitro hair perforation test, is a laboratory test used to help distinguish the isolates of dermatophytes, such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes and its variants. [1] The test is performed by placing an organism into a Petri dish containing water, yeast extract, and hair. After incubation for 4 week ...
It is known to be a close relative to other dermatophytes such as Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. [2] The fungus is common within soil environments and grows well on keratinized material, such as hair, nails and dead skin. [1] It is recognized as an opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of causing cutaneous mycoses in humans and animals.