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Composite body, painted, and glazed bottle. Iran, 16th century (Metropolitan Museum of Art) Detail of dripping rice-straw ash glaze (top), Japan, 1852. Ceramic glaze, or simply glaze, is a glassy coating on ceramics. It is used for decoration, to ensure the item is impermeable to liquids and to minimize the adherence of pollutants. [1]
Ash glaze was the first glaze used in East Asia, and contained only ash, clay, and water. [2] [3] One of the ceramic fluxes in ash glazes is calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime, and most ash glazes are part of the lime glaze family, not all of which use ash.
Tin-glazing is the process of giving tin-glazed pottery items a ceramic glaze that is white, glossy and opaque, which is normally applied to red or buff earthenware. Tin-glaze is plain lead glaze with a small amount of tin oxide added. [1] The opacity and whiteness of tin glaze encourage its frequent decoration.
A ceramic flux functions by promoting partial or complete liquefaction. [1] [2] The most commonly used fluxing oxides in a ceramic glaze contain lead, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc, strontium, and manganese. These are introduced to the raw glaze as compounds, for example lead as lead oxide.
Frit. A frit is a ceramic composition that has been fused, quenched, and granulated.Frits form an important part of the batches used in compounding enamels and ceramic glazes; the purpose of this pre-fusion is to render any soluble and/or toxic components insoluble by causing them to combine with silica and other added oxides. [1]
White tenmoku Ofuke ware bowl, medium stoneware with rice-straw ash glaze, between 1700–1850 Edo period. Tenmoku (天目, also spelled "temmoku" and "temoku") is a type of glaze that originates in imitating Chinese Jian ware (建盏) of the southern Song dynasty (1127–1279), [1] original examples of which are also called tenmoku in Japan.
The Yue glazing was an ash glaze, made with a recipe using wood ash and clay, and possibly small amounts of limestone. [2] Firing temperature is thought to have been about 1,000°C or slightly higher. [2] The color of the glaze ranges from grey to olive to brown. Yue ware is considered as the ancestor of Song celadon ceramics. [1]
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