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The equipment used for communications over multi-mode optical fiber is less expensive than that for single-mode optical fiber. [1] Typical transmission speed and distance limits are 100 Mbit/s for distances up to 2 km (), 1 Gbit/s up to 1000 m, and 10 Gbit/s up to 550 m.
Multi-mode fiber, LC connector, with black or Beige color coding SX – 850 nm, for a maximum of 550 m; Multi-mode fiber, LC connector, with blue color coding FX – 1300 nm, for a distance up to 5 km. LFX (name dependent on manufacturer) – 1310 nm, for a distance up to 5 km. Single-mode fiber, LC connector, with blue color coding
40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet. 40 Gbit/s over a 1 m backplane, 10 m Cu cable assembly (4×25 Gbit/s or 10×10 Gbit/s lanes) and 100 m of multi-mode optical fiber, and 100 Gbit/s over 10 m of Cu cable assembly, 100 m of multi-mode optical fiber and 40 km of single-mode optical fiber: 802.3-2008/Cor 1 2009-12
Fibers that support many propagation paths or transverse modes are called multi-mode fibers, while those that support a single mode are called single-mode fibers (SMF). [7] Multi-mode fibers generally have a wider core diameter [8] and are used for short-distance communication links and for applications where high power must be transmitted. [9]
Ordinary fibers measure 125 μm in diameter (a strand of human hair is about 100 μm). The inner diameter measures 9 μm for single-mode cables, and 50 / 62.5 μm for multi-mode cables. The development of "reduced bend radius" fiber in the mid-2000s, enabled a trend towards smaller cables.
There are two basic types of optical fiber used for 10 Gigabit Ethernet: single-mode (SMF) and multi-mode (MMF). [22] In SMF light follows a single path through the fiber while in MMF it takes multiple paths resulting in differential mode delay (DMD). SMF is used for long-distance communication and MMF is used for distances of less than 300 m.
These were used for this purpose in the first U.S. NIST round-robins on multimode fiber. [1] The overfilled launch (OFL) was created to reduce measurement variability, and improve concatenation estimates for multimode fibers, used at that time for telecom 'long haul' (e.g., 7–10 km 850 nm or 20–30 km 1300 nm) systems.
For example, a common multi-mode fiber with bandwidth–distance product of 500 MHz·km could carry a 500 MHz signal for 1 km or a 1000 MHz signal for 0.5 km.