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As of 2021/22 total South African government debt was $130 billion. [1] The country's debt to GDP ratio in October 2020 was calculated at 82.76% of GDP by the International Monetary Fund. [2] Roughly 90% of the national debt in 2019/20 was denominated in South African rand thereby reducing borrowing risk due to currency fluctuations. [3]
The 1978 series began with denominations of 2, 5, 10, and 20 rand, with a 50 rand introduced in 1984. This series had only one language variant for each denomination of note. Afrikaans was the first language on the 2, 10, and 50 rand, while English was the first on the 5 and 20 rand. A coin replaced the 1 rand note.
According to one estimate, 10.4% of South Africans belonged to the "higher middle class" in 2004, defined as having a per capita income of over R40,000 (in 2000 Rand). [ 173 ] Taxes and transfers
[7] [8] Since China's transition to a socialist market economy through controlled privatisation and deregulation, [9] [10] the country has seen its ranking increase from ninth in 1978, to second in 2010; China's economic growth accelerated during this period and its share of global nominal GDP surged from 2% in 1980 to 18% in 2021.
R9.2 billion in 1985; R6.1 billion in 1986; R3.1 billion in 1987; R5.5 billion in 1988; The capital flight triggered a dramatic decline in the international exchange rate of the South African currency, the rand. The currency decline made imports more expensive which in turn caused inflation in South Africa to rise at a very steep 12–15% per ...
For the billionaire bracket, those with a net worth of between $2.5 billion and $5 billion would pay 6% tax over $32 million, 7% between $5 billion and $10 billion, and 8% on wealth over $10 billion.
The economic history of the world encompasses the development of human economic activity throughout time. It has been estimated that throughout prehistory, the world average GDP per capita was about $158 per annum (inflation adjusted for 2013), and did not rise much until the Industrial Revolution.
[119] [120] The package consists of multiple parts, a one-off A$750 payment to around 6.5 million welfare recipients as early as 31 March 2020, small business assistance with 700,000 grants up to A$25,000 and a 50% wage subsidy for 120,000 apprenticies or trainees for up to 9 months, A$1 billion to support economically impacted sectors, regions ...