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Balancing selection refers to a number of selective processes by which multiple alleles (different versions of a gene) are actively maintained in the gene pool of a population at frequencies larger than expected from genetic drift alone. Balancing selection is rare compared to purifying selection. [1]
The incidental purging of non-deleterious alleles due to such spatial proximity to deleterious alleles is called background selection. [4] This effect increases with lower mutation rate but decreases with higher recombination rate. [5] Purifying selection can be split into purging by non-random mating (assortative mating) and purging by genetic ...
In negative frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of a phenotype or genotype decreases as it becomes more common. This is an example of balancing selection. More generally, frequency-dependent selection includes when biological interactions make an individual's fitness depend on the frequencies of other phenotypes or genotypes in the ...
For example, if K a /K s = 1, it could be due to relaxed selection, or to a chimera of positive and purifying selection at the locus. A solution to this limitation would be to apply K a /K s analysis across many species at individual codons. The K a /K s method requires a rather strong signal in
Stabilizing selection (not to be confused with negative or purifying selection [1] [2]) is a type of natural selection in which the population mean stabilizes on a particular non-extreme trait value. This is thought to be the most common mechanism of action for natural selection because most traits do not appear to change drastically over time. [3]
Tajima's D is a population genetic test statistic created by and named after the Japanese researcher Fumio Tajima. [1] Tajima's D is computed as the difference between two measures of genetic diversity: the mean number of pairwise differences and the number of segregating sites, each scaled so that they are expected to be the same in a neutrally evolving population of constant size.
Solid-phase reversible immobilization, or SPRI, is a method of purifying nucleic acids from solution. It uses silica- or carboxyl-coated paramagnetic beads, which reversibly bind to nucleic acids in the presence of polyethylene glycol and a salt. A common application of SPRI technology is purifying samples of DNA amplified by PCR for sequencing ...
Plasmid miniprep. 0.8% agarose gel ethidium bromide-stained.. A plasmid preparation is a method of DNA extraction and purification for plasmid DNA.It is an important step in many molecular biology experiments and is essential for the successful use of plasmids in research and biotechnology.