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In its most general form, the magnetoelectric effect (ME) denotes any coupling between the magnetic and the electric properties of a material. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The first example of such an effect was described by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1888, who found that a dielectric material moving through an electric field would become magnetized. [ 3 ]
The coupling coefficient is the ratio of the open-circuit actual voltage ratio to the ratio that would be obtained if all the flux coupled from one magnetic circuit to the other. The coupling coefficient is related to mutual inductance and self inductances in the following way.
There have been reports of large magnetoelectric coupling at room-temperature in type-I multiferroics such as in the "diluted" magnetic perovskite (PbZr 0.53 Ti 0.47 O 3) 0.6 –(PbFe 1/2 Ta 1/2 O 3) 0.4 (PZTFT) in certain Aurivillius phases. Here, strong ME coupling has been observed on a microscopic scale using PFM under magnetic field among ...
Landau theory (also known as Ginzburg–Landau theory, despite the confusing name [1]) in physics is a theory that Lev Landau introduced in an attempt to formulate a general theory of continuous (i.e., second-order) phase transitions. [2]
Coupling may be intentional or unintentional. Unintentional inductive coupling can cause signals from one circuit to be induced into a nearby circuit, this is called cross-talk, and is a form of electromagnetic interference. k is the coupling coefficient, Le1 and Le2 is the leakage inductance, M1 (M2) is the mutual inductance
Formulas (16) are approximate not only because of the approximate definitions (2) and (3) for coupling coefficients were used. Exact expressions for the coupling coefficients in prototype filter were obtained in. [8] However both former and refined formulae remain approximate in designing practical filters. The accuracy depends on both filter ...
At e 2 this force gives the electron a component of velocity in the sideways direction (v 2, black arrow) The magnetic field acting on this sideways velocity, then exerts a Lorentz force on the particle of F 2 = −e(v 2 × B). From the right hand rule, this is directed in the −x direction, opposite to the velocity v of the metal sheet. This ...
Terfenol-D, Tb x Dy 1−x Fe 2, exhibits about 2,000 microstrains in a field of 160 kA/m (2 kOe) at room temperature and is the most commonly used engineering magnetostrictive material. [5] Galfenol , Fe x Ga 1− x , and Alfer , Fe x Al 1− x , are newer alloys that exhibit 200-400 microstrains at lower applied fields (~200 Oe) and have ...