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Busr ibn Abi Artat al-Amiri [a] (Arabic: بسر بن أبي أرطأة العامري, romanized: Busr ibn Abī Arṭāt al-ʿĀmirī; 620s–c. 690–700s) was a prominent Arab commander in the service of Mu'awiya I, the governor of Islamic Syria (640s–661) and the first Umayyad caliph (661–680).
Busr advanced through Medina, Mecca and Ta'if, encountering no resistance and gaining those cities' recognition of Mu'awiya. [102] In Yemen, Busr executed several notables in Najran and its vicinity on account of past criticism of Uthman or ties to Ali, massacred numerous tribesmen of the Hamdan and townspeople from Sana'a and Ma'rib.
Busr contained a shrine dedicated to the prophet Joshua (Nabi Yusha) and the tomb of Sheikh al-Hariri. [8] According to al-Harawi, the tomb of Elias (Ilyas) was still revered in Busr. [9] The Haririyya, a highly pantheist sect of the Rifa'iyya Sufi order, was founded in Busr in 1247 by its namesake Ali ibn Abi'l Hasan al-Hariri al-Marwazi. [10]
[24] [47] There are allegations of atrocious crimes committed by Busr, [24] including the murder of the two minor sons of Ubayd Allah ibn Abbas, a relative of Ali, [48] and enslaving Muslim women, apparently for the first time. [49] The raids were likely intended to undermine Ali's efforts for a renewed Syria campaign. [26]
Bosra (Arabic: بُصْرَىٰ, romanized: Buṣrā), formerly Bostra (Greek: Βόστρα) and officially called Busra al-Sham (Arabic: بُصْرَىٰ ٱلشَّام, romanized: Buṣrā al-Shām), is a town in southern Syria, administratively belonging to the Daraa District of the Daraa Governorate and geographically part of the Hauran region.
Aṣ-ṣaḥābah (Arabic: اَلصَّحَابَةُ, "The Companions") were the Muslim companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who had seen or met him, believed in him at the time when he was alive and they also died as Muslims.
The Battle of Siffin (Arabic: مَعْرَكَة صِفِّينَ, romanized: Maʿraka Ṣiffīn) was fought in 657 CE (37 AH) between the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the rebellious governor of Syria Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan.
Sakhr ibn Harb ibn Umayya (Arabic: صَخْرِ ٱبْن حَرْب ٱبْن أُمَيَّةَ, romanized: Ṣakhr ibn Ḥarb ibn Umayya; c. 560—653), commonly known by his kunya Abu Sufiyan (Arabic: أَبُو سُفْيَانُ, romanized: Abū Sufyān), was a prominent opponent-turned companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.