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Yahweh [a] was an ancient Levantine deity worshiped in Israel and Judah as the primary deity of the polytheistic religion of Yahwism. [4] [5] Though no consensus exists regarding the deity's origins, [6] scholars generally contend that he is associated with Seir, Edom, Paran and Teman, [7] and later with Canaan.
The central element of ancient Israel's religion through most of the monarchic period was the worship of a god named Yahweh, and for this reason the religion of Israel is often referred to as Yahwism. [1] Yahweh, however, was not the "original" god of Israel.
El (/ ɛ l / EL; also ' Il, Ugaritic: 𐎛𐎍 ʾīlu; Phoenician: 𐤀𐤋 ʾīl; [6] Hebrew: אֵל ʾēl; Syriac: ܐܺܝܠ ʾīyl; Arabic: إل ʾil or إله ʾilāh [clarification needed]; cognate to Akkadian: 𒀭, romanized: ilu) is a Northwest Semitic word meaning 'god' or 'deity', or referring (as a proper name) to any one of multiple major ancient Near Eastern deities.
Jeremiah, and Ezekiel blame the goddess religion for making Yahweh "jealous", and cite his jealousy as the reason Yahweh allowed the destruction of Jerusalem. Although their nature remains uncertain, sexual rites typically revolved around women of power and influence, such as Maacah .
The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities in Ancient Israel [1] is a book on the history of ancient Israelite religion by Mark S. Smith, Skirball Professor of Bible and Ancient Near Eastern Studies at New York University. The revised 2002 edition contains revisions to the original 1990 edition in light of intervening archaeological ...
The Kenite hypothesis, or Midianite–Kenite hypothesis, is a hypothesis about the origins of the cult of Yahweh. As a form of Biblical source criticism, it posits that Yahweh was originally a Kenite (i.e., Midianite) god whose cult made its way northward to the proto-Israelites. The hypothesis first came into prominence in the late nineteenth ...
Asherah, queen consort of El (Ugaritic religion), Elkunirša (Hittite religion), Yahweh (Israelite religion), Amurru (Amorite religion), Anu (Akkadian religion) and 'Amm (Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia) [13] Symbolized by an Asherah pole in the Hebrew Bible. Ashima, goddess of fate. Ashtar-Chemosh, wife of Chemosh and goddess of the Moabites.
Alternatively, some believe Yahweh, the national god of the Israelites, was associated with or pictured as a sacred bull through the process of religious assimilation and syncretism. [3] Among the Canaanites, some of whom would become the Israelites, [4] the bull was widely worshipped as the sacred bull and the creature of El. [5]