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Examples of E. coli expression vectors are the pGEX series of vectors where glutathione S-transferase is used as a fusion partner and gene expression is under the control of the tac promoter, [15] [16] [17] and the pET series of vectors which uses a T7 promoter. [18]
An expression vector, most commonly the pET expression vector, is engineered to integrate two essential components: a T7 promoter and a gene of interest downstream of the promoter and under its control. The expression vector is transformed into one of several relevant strains of E. coli, most frequently BL21(DE3).
However, vectors may also have elements that allow them to be maintained in another organism such as yeast, plant or mammalian cells, and these vectors are called shuttle vectors. Such vectors have bacterial or viral elements which may be transferred to the non-bacterial host organism, however other vectors termed intragenic vectors have also ...
Components of the PETSc software package as of version 3.15. PETSc consists of a variety of components consisting of major classes and supporting infrastructure. Users typically interact with objects of the highest level classes relevant to their application, essential lower level objects such as vectors, and may customize or extend any others.
They are the standard cloning vectors and the ones most commonly used. Most general plasmids may be used to clone DNA inserts of up to 15 kb in size. One of the earliest commonly used cloning vectors is the pBR322 plasmid. Other cloning vectors include the pUC series of plasmids, and a large number of different cloning plasmid vectors are ...
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pBR322 is a plasmid and was one of the first widely used E. coli cloning vectors. Created in 1977 in the laboratory of Herbert Boyer at the University of California, San Francisco, it was named after Francisco Bolivar Zapata, the postdoctoral researcher and Raymond L. Rodriguez. The p stands for "plasmid," and BR for "Bolivar" and "Rodriguez."
Image credits: openlygayanimals “Their ability to cope depends on coat thickness, body size, age, and health condition,” she explained further. “Puppies, elderly pets, and those with ...