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A citation is placed wherever appropriate in or after the sentence. If it is at the end of a sentence, it is placed before the period, but a citation for an entire block quote immediately follows the period at the end of the block since the citation is not an actual part of the quotation itself.
It is conventional to precede a block quotation with an introductory sentence (or sentence fragment) and append the source citation to that line. Alternatively, the {{blockquote}} template provides parameters for attribution and citation which will appear below the quotation. (For use of dashes with attributions, see § Other uses for em dashes.)
Inline parenthetical referencing is a citation system in which in-text citations are made using parentheses. Various formats are seen, e.g., (Author, date) or (Author, date:page), etc. Such citations are normally typed in plain text and appear before punctuation.
This page contains examples of various types of inline citations. Variations on all of the examples included here exist throughout Wikipedia. As of July 2009, Wikipedia's guideline on citation styles includes the following guidance: All citation techniques require detailed full citations to be provided for each source used.
If the parenthetical does not contain a complete sentence, the writer should not place final punctuation (such as a period) inside it. Place a parenthetical included as part of a citation before an explanatory parenthetical: [8] Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(1) (emphasis added) (also indicating that "[a] party may instruct a deponent not to answer ...
By convention, commas and periods go inside the closing quotation marks, but a parenthetical reference should intervene between the quotation and the required punctuation . . . All other punctuation marks—such as semicolons, colons, question marks, and exclamation points—go outside a closing quotation mark, except when they are part of the ...
Text formatting in citations should follow, consistently within an article, an established citation style or system. Options include either of Wikipedia's own template-based Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 , and any other well-recognized citation system.
Arthur said the situation was "deplorable". (The full stop (period) is not part of the quotation.) The aesthetic style, which is only really now used in North America, [citation needed] was developed as early typesetters thought it was more aesthetic to present punctuation that way. In the aesthetic style, the punctuation goes within the ...