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  2. Chain gang - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_gang

    Chain gang street sweepers, Washington, D. C. 1909 Female convicts in Dar es Salaam chained together by their necks, c. 1890–1927. A chain gang or road gang is a group of prisoners chained together to perform menial or physically challenging work as a form of punishment.

  3. Penitentiaries, Reformatories, and Chain Gangs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penitentiaries...

    Additionally, the author explores the difference between punishing criminals and trying to rehabilitate them. He also looks at how women were treated in reform institutions and how convict leasing and chain gangs in the South continued the practices of slavery, especially for black prisoners. [1] [2] [4]

  4. Mississippi State Penitentiary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_State_Penitentiary

    Chain gang songs from Parchman Farm, northbysouth.kenyon.edu. Accessed March 21, 2024. Worse Than Slavery": Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice, h-net.org. Accessed March 21, 2024. "Penitentiary Farm Pays and Makes Money". The New York Times. June 4, 1911. p. 13, Magazine section.

  5. Field holler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_holler

    Chain gang singing in South Carolina. The field holler or field call is mostly a historical type of vocal work song sung by field slaves in the United States (and later by African American forced laborers accused of violating vagrancy laws) to accompany their tasked work, to communicate usefully, or to vent feelings. [1]

  6. Missouri man tied to death and kidnapping of 2 Black women ...

    www.aol.com/missouri-man-linked-death-kidnapping...

    Chain gangs, which were introduced in the U.S. in the 19th century and abolished around the time of World War II, were largely reserved for Black people and are widely considered a racist and ...

  7. Convict leasing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convict_leasing

    Though the convict lease system, as such, disappeared, other types of convict labor continued (and still exist presently). These other systems include plantations, industrial prisons and chain gangs. [19] The convict lease system was gradually phased out during the early 20th century due to negative publicity and other factors.

  8. Glossary of American slavery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_American_slavery

    Coffle: Group of enslaved people in a chain gang for overland shipment on foot. Complete: The use of the word complete in a slave advertisement indicated a high level of competency, meaning the person had especial capability and/or the necessary training to "adeptly" perform certain work. [5]

  9. The Night Sam Cooke Made ‘Chain Gang’ a Hymn to Freedom - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/night-sam-cooke-made-chain...

    Michael Ochs Archives/GettyThe studio single version of “Chain Gang” was released July 26, 1960. It becomes Cooke’s biggest hit of a year that saw him push a lot of lushly orchestrated ...