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The historic importance of vitamin C deficiency relates to occurrence on long sea-going voyages, when the ship food supplies had no good source of the vitamin. Deficiency results in scurvy when plasma concentrations fall below 0.2 mg/dL, whereas the normal plasma concentration range is 0.4 to 1.5 mg/dL.
The discovery dates of the vitamins and their sources Year of discovery Vitamin Food source 1913: Vitamin A (Retinol) Cod liver oil: 1910: Vitamin B 1 (Thiamine) Rice bran: 1920: Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Citrus, most fresh foods 1920: Vitamin D (Calciferol) Cod liver oil 1920: Vitamin B 2 (Riboflavin) Meat, dairy products, eggs: 1922: Vitamin ...
The WHO estimates that 5.2 million of these children under five are affected by night blindness, which is considered clinical vitamin A deficiency. [122] Severe vitamin A deficiency (VAD) for developing children can result in visual impairments, anemia and weakened immunity, and increase their risk of morbidity and mortality from infectious ...
Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms . Vitamin B12 deficiency has a few hallmark symptoms, according to doctors: Lack of energy. Mental fatigue. Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Lack of appetite. Weight loss
Micronutrient deficiencies are considered a public health problem worldwide. For over 30 years it has been estimated that more than two billion people of all ages are affected by this burden, [1] while a recently published study based on individual-level biomarker data estimated that there are 372 million children aged 5 years and younger, and 1.2 billion non-pregnant women of reproductive age ...
There are many disease states, medical treatments and medications that put people at risk for vitamin D deficiency. Chronic diseases that increase risk include kidney and liver failure, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease and malabsorption syndromes such as cystic fibrosis, and hyper- or hypo-parathyroidism. [ 24 ]
Although synthetic vitamin A supplementation is a useful and effective treatment for VAD, a 2017 review (updated in 2022) reported that synthetic vitamin A supplementation may not be the best long‐term solution for vitamin A deficiency, but rather food fortification, improved food distribution programs, and crop improvement, such as for ...
Mapping of several bone diseases onto levels of vitamin D (calcidiol) in the blood [6] Normal bone vs. osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body.