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Muni bonds are a more attractive option for investors in high-tax states and cities, so investors in those areas should be sure to calculate the tax-equivalent yield on potential muni investments.
A municipal bond, commonly known as a muni, is a bond issued by state or local governments, or entities they create such as authorities and special districts. In the United States, interest income received by holders of municipal bonds is often, but not always, exempt from federal and state income taxation.
Municipal bond taxes. Municipal bonds issued by local or state governments generally offer interest income that is exempt from federal taxes. Moreover, if you live in the state where the bond is ...
Defaults on municipal bonds are relatively rare, especially for bonds issued by financially stable municipalities. This makes them an attractive option for income-focused investors, such as retirees.
That perception could thus potentially allow a local government to borrow at a lower interest rate, saving its taxpayers' money over the life of the bonds. Despite that advantage, many states, such as California under Proposition 13 , do not allow local governments to issue unlimited-tax general obligation debt without a public vote .
Bonds below Baa/BBB (Moody's/S&P) are considered junk or high-risk bonds. Their high risk of default (approximately 1.6 percent for Ba) is compensated by higher interest payments. Bad Debt is a loan that can not (partially or fully) be repaid by the debtor. The debtor is said to default on their debt. These types of debt are frequently ...
Municipal bonds may also be a good fit for your portfolio if you are looking for bonds with a low risk of default or want to avoid the potential volatility associated with corporate bonds or stocks.
Most jurisdictions only allow bonds to be floated based upon a portion (usually capped at 50%) of the assumed increase in tax revenues. For example, if a $5,000,000 annual tax increment is expected in a development, which would cover the financing costs of a $50,000,000 bond, only a $25,000,000 bond would be typically allowed.