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The Egyptians knew the correct formula for the volume of such a truncated square pyramid, but no proof of this equation is given in the Moscow papyrus. The volume of a conical or pyramidal frustum is the volume of the solid before slicing its "apex" off, minus the volume of this "apex":
The formula for the volume of a frustum of a paraboloid [23] [24] is: V = (π h/2)(r 1 2 + r 2 2), where h = height of the frustum, r 1 is the radius of the base of the frustum, and r 2 is the radius of the top of the frustum. This allows us to use a paraboloid frustum where that form appears more appropriate than a cone.
The volume is equal to the product of the height of the frustum and the Heronian mean of the areas of the opposing parallel faces. [2] A version of this formula, for square frusta, appears in the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus from Ancient Egyptian mathematics, whose content dates to roughly 1850 BC. [1] [3]
The fourteenth problem of the Moscow Mathematical calculates the volume of a frustum. Problem 14 states that a pyramid has been truncated in such a way that the top area is a square of length 2 units, the bottom a square of length 4 units, and the height 6 units, as shown. The volume is found to be 56 cubic units, which is correct. [1]
Several problems in the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus (problem 14) and in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (numbers 44, 45, 46) compute the volume of a rectangular granary. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Problem 14 of the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus computes the volume of a truncated pyramid, also known as a frustum.
A cone with a region including its apex cut off by a plane is called a truncated cone; if the truncation plane is parallel to the cone's base, it is called a frustum. [1] An elliptical cone is a cone with an elliptical base. [ 1 ]
An example of a spherical cap in blue (and another in red) In geometry, a spherical cap or spherical dome is a portion of a sphere or of a ball cut off by a plane.It is also a spherical segment of one base, i.e., bounded by a single plane.
This formula assumes the beam is symmetrically circular, "r" is much greater than "h" so "r" taken at the beginning or at the end of the pulse is almost the same, and the shape of the volume is a cone frustum of depth "h". [15]