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Positivism is a philosophical school that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive – meaning a posteriori facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Other ways of knowing , such as intuition , introspection , or religious faith , are rejected or considered meaningless .
Joseph Petzoldt (4 November 1862 – 1 August 1929) was a German positivist philosopher and teacher. He is known as the founder of several societies aimed at advancing positivist philosophy in the scientific world, and was an early proponent of the theory of relativity which he interpreted on the basis of his philosophy of "relativistic positivism".
Leopold von Ranke [a] (21 December 1795 – 23 May 1886) was a German historian and a founder of modern source-based history. [3] [4] He was able to implement the seminar teaching method in his classroom and focused on archival research and the analysis of historical documents.
A leading Polish philosopher of the period, the journalist, short-story writer, and novelist Bolesław Prus (author of the novels The Outpost, The Doll, The New Woman, and Pharaoh, and of the prescient 1873 study, On Discoveries and Inventions), advised his compatriots that Poland's place in the world would be determined by the Polish people’s contributions to the world's scientific ...
Postpositivism is the name D.C. Phillips [3] gave to a group of critiques and amendments which apply to both forms of positivism. [3] One of the first thinkers to criticize logical positivism was Karl Popper. He advanced falsification in lieu of the logical positivist idea of verificationism. [3]
A General View of Positivism (Discours sur l'ensemble du positivisme) is a 1848 book by the French philosopher Auguste Comte, first published in English in 1865.A founding text in the development of positivism and the discipline of sociology, the work provides a revised and full account of the theory Comte presented earlier in his multi-part The Course in Positive Philosophy (1830–1842).
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Turned mainstream sociological opinion against the Chicago school of Human Ecology by foregrounding the influence of institutions and political settings in the growth of cities. Park, Robert E., and Ernest W. Burgess. 1925. The City. [53] Foundational text in American sociology, Chicago school, Urban sociology, and Human ecology. Simmel, Georg ...