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θ is the contact angle of the liquid on the tube wall; ρ is the mass density (mass per unit volume); r 0 is the tube radius; g is the gravitational acceleration. It is only valid if the tube is cylindrical and has a radius (r 0) smaller than the capillary length (= / ()). In terms of the capillary length, the law can be written as
Density of pure water at 60 °F = / or / [8] Note: There is no universal agreement on the exact density of pure water at various temperatures since each industry will often use a different standard. For example the, USGS says it is 0.99907 g/cm 3 . [ 9 ]
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
Where w s is the mean source width, ρ w is the density of water, R 0 is the average precipitation rate, W* is the width of the channel head, ρ s is the saturated bulk density of the soil, K z is the vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity, θ is the slope at the channel head, and φ is the soil angle of internal friction.
Example 3.5 and p.116 The following assumptions must be met for this Bernoulli equation to apply: [2]: 265 the flow must be steady, that is, the flow parameters (velocity, density, etc.) at any point cannot change with time, the flow must be incompressible—even though pressure varies, the density must remain constant along a streamline;
When a capillary tube is inserted into a liquid, the liquid will rise or fall in the tube, due to an imbalance in pressure. The characteristic height is the distance from the bottom of the meniscus to the base, and exists when the Laplace pressure and the pressure due to gravity are balanced.
When a tube of a narrow bore, often called a capillary tube, is dipped into a liquid and the liquid wets the tube (with zero contact angle), the liquid surface inside the tube forms a concave meniscus, which is a virtually spherical surface having the same radius, r, as the inside of the tube. The tube experiences a downward force of magnitude ...
Both pipe and tube imply a level of rigidity and permanence, whereas a hose is usually portable and flexible. A tube and pipe may be specified by standard pipe size designations, e.g., nominal pipe size, or by nominal outside or inside diameter and/or wall thickness. The actual dimensions of pipe are usually not the nominal dimensions: A 1-inch ...