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Reduction of quinone in an acidic, buffered media into hydroquinone In alkaline conditions, quinones undergo a reversible single-step, two-electron reduction. In neutral conditions, quinones may undergo either a one-proton, two-electron reduction or a two-electron reduction.
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C 6 H 4 (OH) 2. It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position.
1,4-Benzoquinone, commonly known as para-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C 6 H 4 O 2. In a pure state, it forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine, bleach, and hot plastic or formaldehyde. This six-membered ring compound is the oxidized derivative of 1,4-hydroquinone. [4]
3 which can be viewed as a derivative of a benzoquinone through replacement of one hydrogen atom (H) by a hydroxyl group (-OH). When unqualified, the terms usually mean specifically the compound 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, derived from 1,4-benzoquinone. That parent is sometimes simply called quinone, and this is the only hydroxy derivative of it.
Benzoquinone (C 6 H 4 O 2) is a quinone with a single benzene ring. There are 2 (out of 3 hypothetical) benzoquinones: 1,4-Benzoquinone, most commonly, right image (also para-benzoquinone, p-benzoquinone, para-quinone, or just quinone) 1,2-Benzoquinone, less commonly, left image (also ortho-benzoquinone, o-benzoquinone, ortho-quinone)
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (or DDQ) is the chemical reagent with formula C 6 Cl 2 (CN) 2 O 2. This oxidant is useful for the dehydrogenation of alcohols, [3] phenols, [4] and steroid ketones. [5] DDQ decomposes in water, but is stable in aqueous mineral acid. [6]
A general observation is that there is high variation in the extent of damage due to benzene poisoning. A possible explanation is the accumulation of phenols and hydroquinone in the target organ—the bone marrow—and subsequent oxidation of these metabolites to reactive quinone metabolites via a number of possible pathways. [11]
Catechol is produced by a reversible two-electron, two-proton reduction of 1,2-benzoquinone (E 0 = +795 mV vs SHE; E m (at pH 7) = +380 mV vs SHE). [13] The redox series catecholate dianion, monoanionic semiquinonate, and benzoquinone are collectively called dioxolenes. Dioxolenes can function as ligands for metal ions. [14]