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In aphasia (sometimes called dysphasia), [ a ] a person may be unable to comprehend or unable to formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. [ 2 ] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in the Global North. [ 3 ]
The most common cause of expressive aphasia is stroke. A stroke is caused by hypoperfusion (lack of oxygen) to an area of the brain, which is commonly caused by thrombosis or embolism. Some form of aphasia occurs in 34 to 38% of stroke patients. [23] Expressive aphasia occurs in approximately 12% of new cases of aphasia caused by stroke. [24]
Semantic dementia. In neurology, semantic dementia (SD), also known as semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of semantic memory in both the verbal and non-verbal domains. However, the most common presenting symptoms are in the verbal domain (with loss of word ...
Receptive aphasia. Wernicke's aphasia, also known as receptive aphasia, [1] sensory aphasia, fluent aphasia, or posterior aphasia, is a type of aphasia in which individuals have difficulty understanding written and spoken language. [2] Patients with Wernicke's aphasia demonstrate fluent speech, which is characterized by typical speech rate ...
Stroke is the 5th-leading cause of death in the U.S. and a leading cause of severe disability. ... Aphasia affects a person's ability to express and understand written and spoken language, which ...
Signs and symptoms. Frontotemporal dementia is an early onset disorder that mostly occurs between the ages of 45 and 65, [13] but can begin earlier, and in 20–25% of cases onset is later. [11][14] Men and women appear to be equally affected. [15] It is the most common early presenting dementia. [16]
TIAs and strokes present with the same symptoms such as contralateral paralysis (opposite side of body from affected brain hemisphere), or sudden weakness or numbness. A TIA may cause sudden dimming or loss of vision, aphasia, slurred speech, and mental confusion. The symptoms of a TIA typically resolve within 24 hours, unlike a stroke.
Conduction aphasia is a mild language disability, and most people return to their normal lives. [11] [14] Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia are commonly caused by middle cerebral artery strokes. [15] Symptoms of conduction aphasia, as with other aphasias, can be transient, sometimes lasting only several hours or a few days.