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Chloroethane is produced by hydrochlorination of ethylene: [11]. C 2 H 4 + HCl → C 2 H 5 Cl. At various times in the past, chloroethane has also been produced from ethanol and hydrochloric acid, from ethane and chlorine, or from ethanol and phosphorus trichloride, but these routes are no longer economical.
Other uses for the substance include paint stripping, acting as a denaturation agent for alcohol, as a solvent for waxes & varnishes, and in the extraction of oils and degreasing of metals. [9] 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is currently used as a feedstock in the production of 1,2-dichloroethylene,trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. [9]
In the laboratory it is occasionally used as a source of chlorine, with elimination of ethene and chloride. Via several steps, 1,2-dichloroethane is a precursor to 1,1,1-trichloroethane . Historically, before leaded petrol was phased out, chloroethanes were used as an additive in petrol to prevent lead buildup in engines.
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
First, ethylene is chlorinated over a ferric chloride catalyst to produce 1,2-dichloroethane: CH 2 =CH 2 + Cl 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl. When heated to around 400 °C with additional chlorine, 1,2-dichloroethane is converted to trichloroethylene: ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + 2 Cl 2 → ClCH=CCl 2 + 3 HCl. This reaction can be catalyzed by a variety of substances.
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 OH. It is an alcohol, with its formula also written as C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 6 O or EtOH, where Et stands for ethyl. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like ...
The major products were ethyl chloride, tetrachlorocarbon and dichloromethane. [7] Because of concerns about health and environmentally relevant problems such as the ozone depletion behavior of light volatile chlorine compounds, the chemical industry developed alternative procedures that did not require chlorinated compounds. As a result of the ...
In chemistry, cosolvents are substances added to a primary solvent in small amounts to increase the solubility of a poorly-soluble compound. Their use is most prevalent in chemical and biological research relating to pharmaceuticals and food science, where alcohols are frequently used as cosolvents in water (often less than 5% by volume [ 1 ...