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Highly toxic to humans in its elemental form. [11] iridium: 77: 1a: Due to its extreme rarity, iridium has no biological role. [11] The chloride is moderately toxic to humans. [11] iron: 26: 5: Essential to almost all living things, usually as a ligand in a protein; it is most familiar as an essential element in the protein hemoglobin. [11 ...
Elemental bromine (Br 2) is toxic and causes chemical burns on human flesh. Inhaling bromine gas results in similar irritation of the respiratory tract, causing coughing, choking, shortness of breath, and death if inhaled in large enough amounts. Chronic exposure may lead to frequent bronchial infections and a general deterioration of health.
Human tissue contains approximately 0.2 to 0.5% chlorine. There is a total of 95 grams of chlorine in a typical 70-kilogram human. [7] Some bromine in the form of the bromide anion is present in all organisms. A biological role for bromine in humans has not been proven, but some organisms contain organobromine compounds. Humans typically ...
The classic case is sodium bromide, which fully dissociates in water: NaBr → Na + + Br −. Hydrogen bromide, which is a diatomic molecule, takes on salt-like properties upon contact with water to give an ionic solution called hydrobromic acid. The process is often described simplistically as involving formation of the hydronium salt of bromide:
3, is a bromine-based oxoanion. A bromate is a chemical compound that contains this ion. Examples of bromates include sodium bromate (NaBrO 3) and potassium bromate (KBrO 3). Bromates are formed many different ways in municipal drinking water. The most common is the reaction of ozone and bromide: Br − + O 3 → BrO − 3
Bromism is the syndrome which results from the long-term consumption of bromine, usually through bromine-based sedatives such as potassium bromide and lithium bromide. Bromism was once a very common disorder, being responsible for 5 to 10% of psychiatric hospital admissions, but is now uncommon since bromide was withdrawn from clinical use in ...
In addition to being highly influenced by the types of organic and inorganic matter in the source water, the different species and concentrations of DBPs vary according to the type of disinfectant used, the dose of disinfectant, the concentration of natural organic matter and bromide/iodide, the time since dosing (i.e. water age), temperature ...
These toxic chemicals are avoided today in consideration of the fact that there are alternative water based, non-toxic heavy liquids like sodium polytungstate solutions. [1] With this relatively new heavy liquid densities up to 3.1 g·cm −3 can be adjusted . Adding parts of pulverulent tungsten carbide increases the density to 4.6 g·cm −3. [2]