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Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis, cholestasis of pregnancy, jaundice of pregnancy, and prurigo gravidarum, [1] is a medical condition in which cholestasis occurs during pregnancy. [2] It typically presents with itching and can lead to complications for both mother and fetus. [2]
Familial intrahepatic cholestasis (FIH) is a group of disorders that lead to intrahepatic cholestasis in children. [47] Most often, FIH occurs during the first year of life, with an incidence rate of 1/50,000 to 1/100,000. [48] There are three different versions of FIH, with each causing a different severity of jaundice.
Cholestatic pruritus is the sensation of itch due to nearly any liver disease, but the most commonly associated entities are primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, obstructive choledocholithiasis, carcinoma of the bile duct, cholestasis (also see drug-induced pruritus), and chronic hepatitis C viral infection and other forms of viral hepatitis.
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes O00-O99 within Chapter XV: Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium should be included in this category.
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of familial cholestatic conditions caused by defects in biliary epithelial transporters. The clinical presentation usually occurs first in childhood with progressive cholestasis. This usually leads to failure to thrive, cirrhosis, and the need for liver transplantation. [citation ...
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare condition and occurs in approximately one in 7,000 to one in 15,000 pregnancies. [3] [19] The mortality from acute fatty liver of pregnancy has been reduced significantly to 18%, and is now related primarily to complications, particularly DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) and infections.
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Unlike other forms of jaundice, however, biliary-atresia-related cholestasis mostly does not result in kernicterus, a form of brain damage resulting from liver dysfunction. This is because in biliary atresia, the liver, although diseased, is still able to conjugate bilirubin , and conjugated bilirubin is unable to cross the blood–brain barrier.