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Effusive basalt lava flows cool to either of two forms, ʻaʻā or pāhoehoe. [8] This type of lava flow builds shield volcanoes, which are, for example, numerous in Hawaii, [9] and is how the island was and currently is being formed.
Between 18 and 25 March the western and eastern branches of the lava flow stopped advancing 10 km (6.2 miles) and 8.8 km (5.5 miles) away from the vent, respectively. [20] Almost a century after the eruption, Sir William Hamilton reported the lava flows had shifted an otherwise undamaged vineyard by over 0.5 km (0.31 miles). [38]
Cerro Chao formed over the course of three eruptions preceded by a pyroclastic stage. Three large lobate lava flows erupted in the col between two volcanoes and advanced for a maximum length of 14 kilometres (8.7 mi). The eruption that originated the lava flows probably lasted more than one hundred years and occurred before the Holocene.
The word lava comes from Italian and is probably derived from the Latin word labes, which means a fall or slide. [2] [3] An early use of the word in connection with extrusion of magma from below the surface is found in a short account of the 1737 eruption of Vesuvius, written by Francesco Serao, who described "a flow of fiery lava" as an analogy to the flow of water and mud down the flanks of ...
Lava flows extend 18 km (11 mi) to the west and 8 km (5.0 mi) to southeast of the cone, containing basalt primarily of the pahoehoe texture, with some a'a. The flows contain numerous lava tubes and caves. The cindercone volcano itself shows signs of oxidization prominent in the reddish/orange/brown appearance of much of the upper portions.
The flow was generated by a flood basalt eruption during the Midcontinental Rift, which occurred 1.1 billion years ago. [5] Where the cooled lava is exposed, it forms much of the Kennesaw Peninsula and Isle Royal in Lake Superior. At Isle Royal, the flow forms the backbone of the island and the Greenstone Ridge trail runs along its length. [1]
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