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t. e. A directional derivative is a concept in multivariable calculus that measures the rate at which a function changes in a particular direction at a given point. [citation needed] The directional derivative of a multivariable differentiable (scalar) function along a given vector v at a given point x intuitively represents the instantaneous ...
A finite difference is a mathematical expression of the form f (x + b) − f (x + a).If a finite difference is divided by b − a, one gets a difference quotient.The approximation of derivatives by finite differences plays a central role in finite difference methods for the numerical solution of differential equations, especially boundary value problems.
The exterior derivative is defined to be the unique ℝ -linear mapping from k -forms to (k + 1) -forms that has the following properties: The operator applied to the -form is the differential of. If and are two -forms, then for any field elements. If is a -form and is an -form, then (graded product rule)
The azimuthal angle is denoted by. φ ∈ [ 0 , 2 π ] {\displaystyle \varphi \in [0,2\pi ]} : it is the angle between the x -axis and the projection of the radial vector onto the xy -plane. The function atan2 (y, x) can be used instead of the mathematical function arctan (y/x) owing to its domain and image. The classical arctan function has an ...
Calculus. In mathematics, geometric calculus extends geometric algebra to include differentiation and integration. The formalism is powerful and can be shown to reproduce other mathematical theories including vector calculus, differential geometry, and differential forms. [1]
Tensor derivative (continuum mechanics) The derivatives of scalars, vectors, and second-order tensors with respect to second-order tensors are of considerable use in continuum mechanics. These derivatives are used in the theories of nonlinear elasticity and plasticity, particularly in the design of algorithms for numerical simulations.
In functional analysis, the functional derivative defines the derivative with respect to a function of a functional on a space of functions. This is an extension of the directional derivative to an infinite dimensional vector space. An important case is the variational derivative in the calculus of variations.
Gradient. The gradient, represented by the blue arrows, denotes the direction of greatest change of a scalar function. The values of the function are represented in greyscale and increase in value from white (low) to dark (high). In vector calculus, the gradient of a scalar-valued differentiable function of several variables is the vector field ...