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Artillery of World War I. The artillery of World War I, improved over that used in previous wars, influenced the tactics, operations, and strategies that were used by the belligerents. This led to trench warfare and encouraged efforts to break the resulting stalemate at the front. World War I raised artillery to a new level of importance on the ...
Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches, in which combatants are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. It became archetypically associated with World War I (1914–1918), when the Race to the Sea rapidly expanded trench use on ...
World War I cryptography. With the rise of easily-intercepted wireless telegraphy, codes and ciphers were used extensively in World War I. The decoding by British Naval intelligence of the Zimmermann telegram helped bring the United States into the war. Trench codes were used by field armies of most of the combatants (Americans, British, French ...
Perhaps the most famous fighter plane during World War 1 was the Fokker as it was the first to include a synchronized machine gun. [23] [24] [25] Towards the end of the conflict, aircraft carriers were used for the first time, with HMS Furious launching Sopwith Camels in a raid to destroy the Zeppelin hangars at Tønder in 1918. [26]
The new German area defence system failed badly at Verdun 15 December 1916 and again at Arras 9 April 1917, when troops had been kept in obsolete defences and by the belated commitment of the counter-attacking divisions, which were held too far back, against Allied attacking methods and equipment which were much improved from 1916.
Naval warfare of World War I; Part of World War I: Clockwise from top left: the Cornwallis fires in Suvla Bay, Dardanelles 1915; U-boats moored in Kiel, around 1914; a lifeboat departs from an Allied ship hit by a German torpedo, around 1917; two Italian MAS in practice in the final stages of the war; manoeuvres of the Austro-Hungarian fleet with the Tegetthoff in the foreground
Ridge and furrow is an archaeological pattern of ridges (Medieval Latin: sliones) and troughs created by a system of ploughing used in Europe during the Middle Ages, typical of the open-field system. It is also known as rig (or rigg) and furrow, mostly in the North East of England and in Scotland. [1][2][3]
Trench code. Trench codes (a form of cryptography) were codes used for secrecy by field armies in World War I. [1][2] Messages by field telephone, radio and carrier pigeons could be intercepted, hence the need for tactical World War I cryptography. Originally, the most commonly used codes were simple substitution codes, but due to the relative ...