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1579 drawing of the Great Chain of Being from Didacus Valades , Rhetorica Christiana. The great chain of being is a hierarchical structure of all matter and life, thought by medieval Christianity to have been decreed by God. The chain begins with God and descends through angels, humans, animals and plants to minerals. [1] [2] [3]
St. Thomas adds that "the maximum of any genus is the cause of all that in that genus," to indicate that the greatest in truth, goodness, and being is both the exemplar and efficient cause of all other things which display varying degrees of perfection, and so is "the cause of all beings." [9] [6] Causal structure of argument
The capital theses in the philosophy of St. Thomas are not to be placed in the category of opinions capable of being debated one way or another, but are to be considered as the foundations upon which the whole science of natural and divine things is based; if such principles are once removed or in any way impaired, it must necessarily follow ...
According to Thomas Aquinas, God can also be defined as the act of all acts, the perfection of all perfections and the perfect Being. [ 2 ] This Being is also called being in the strong sense or intensive Being ( Esse ut actus, or Actus essendi ) to distinguish it from being in the weak sense or common being ( esse commune ) of all created ...
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Book III discusses providence and the human condition, i.e. good and evil acts, human fate and intellect and the relation of created beings to the creator. Book IV is dedicated to discussing points of Christian doctrine which separate Nicaean Christianity from the other monotheistic religions, i.e. the doctrines of the Trinity , the Incarnation ...
The union of matter and form constitutes the essence of concrete being, and this essence is endowed with existence. Throughout all change and becoming there runs a rhythm of finality; the activities of the countless substances of the universe converge towards an end which is known to God; finality involves optimism.
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