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The G-scale used by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which rates the storm from G1 to G5 (i.e. G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 in order), where G1 is the weakest storm classification (corresponding to a Kp value of 5), and G5 is the strongest (corresponding to a Kp value of 9). [9]
The NOAA G-scale describes the significance of effects of a geomagnetic storm to the public and those affected by the space environment. It is directly derived from the K p-scale, where G1 is the weakest storm classification (corresponding to a K p value of 5) and G5 is the strongest (corresponding to a K p value of 9). [7]
NOAA ranks geomagnetic storms on a five-point scale, with those rated G5, the strongest, being capable of widespread voltage control problems that could lead to power blackouts or even the ...
An extreme (G5) geomagnetic storm alert was issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) – the first in almost 20 years. [96] [97] The final storms reaching the highest level of NOAA's G-scale before Solar Cycle 25 occurred in 2005 in May, [98] [99] [100] August, [101] and September, respectively.
Historically, G4 storms are common during a solar cycle, but G5, or extreme geomagnetic storms such the one that occurred on May 10, are incredibly rare, Dahl said. This new storm has a 25% chance ...
Similar to tornados, hurricanes and earthquakes, geomagnetic storms are measured by a five-point scale. G1 geomagnetic storms are the least severe, while G5 storms are the most severe.
NOAA defines a geomagnetic storm as “a major disturbance of Earth's ... there is a chance that the expected storm could reach a level of 3 out of 5 on the geomagnetic storm severity scale.
The 2003 Halloween solar storms had a peak Dst index of −383 nT, although a second storm on 20 November 2003 reached −422 nT while not reaching G5-class. [16] [17] The March 1989 geomagnetic storm had a peak Dst index of −589 nT, [18] while the May 1921 geomagnetic storm has been estimated to have had a peak Dst index of −907 ± 132 nT.