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A regular octahedron has 24 rotational (or orientation-preserving) symmetries, and 48 symmetries altogether. These include transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation. A cube has the same set of symmetries, since it is the polyhedron that is dual to an octahedron.
The Jahn–Teller effect (JT effect or JTE) is an important mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking in molecular and solid-state systems which has far-reaching consequences in different fields, and is responsible for a variety of phenomena in spectroscopy, stereochemistry, crystal chemistry, molecular and solid-state physics, and materials science.
A perfect octahedron belongs to the point group O h. Examples of octahedral compounds are sulfur hexafluoride SF 6 and molybdenum hexacarbonyl Mo(CO) 6 . The term "octahedral" is used somewhat loosely by chemists, focusing on the geometry of the bonds to the central atom and not considering differences among the ligands themselves.
A regular octahedron is an octahedron that is a regular polyhedron. All the faces of a regular octahedron are equilateral triangles of the same size, and exactly four triangles meet at each vertex. A regular octahedron is convex, meaning that for any two points within it, the line segment connecting them lies entirely within it.
In normal aspect, these map the central meridian and parallels as straight lines. Other meridians are curves (or possibly straight from pole to equator), regularly spaced along parallels. Conic In normal aspect, conic (or conical) projections map meridians as straight lines, and parallels as arcs of circles. Pseudoconical
Structural distortion analysis Determination of regular and irregular distorted octahedral molecular geometry; Octahedral distortion parameters [5] [6] [7] Volume of the octahedron; Tilting distortion parameter for perovskite complex [8] Molecular graphics. 3D modelling of complex; Display of the eight faces of octahedron
The ideal tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, and dodecahedron form respectively the order-6 tetrahedral honeycomb, order-6 cubic honeycomb, order-4 octahedral honeycomb, and order-6 dodecahedral honeycomb; here the order refers to the number of cells meeting at each edge. However, the ideal icosahedron does not tile space in the same way.
It exists in the petrial octahedron, {3,4} π with 6 vertices, 12 edges and 4 skew hexagon faces. Branko Grünbaum identified a double-covered cube {8/2,3}, with 6 octagonal faces, double wrapped, needing 24 edges, and 16 vertices.