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Rudolph Erdmenger would later develop the co-rotating twin screw machine, the ZSK-Extruder. Siegfried Kiesskalt went on to pioneer special counter rotating screw extruder designs. A third committee member, Heinz List, was assigned the study of "special designs".
There are two sub-types of twin screw extruders: co-rotating and counter-rotating. This nomenclature refers to the relative direction each screw spins compared to the other. In co-rotation mode, both screws spin either clockwise or counter clockwise; in counter-rotation, one screw spins clockwise while the other spins counter clockwise.
There, together with Werner Meskat, he developed the co-rotating twin screw extruder, submitting the basic patent in 1944. [2] At the end of the Second World War , Erdmenger and Meskat escaped from the approaching Red Army and joined Bayer AG in 1948, where Erdmenger founded the high viscosity technology group which he led until his retirement ...
The process involves the application of heat, pressure and agitation to mix materials together and ‘extrude’ them through a die. Twin-screw high shear extruders blend materials and simultaneously break up particles. The resulting particle can be blended with compression aids and compressed into tablets or filled into unit dose capsules. [26]
The screw itself is confined in a barrel that has different zones that can be heated according to the resins properties. Co-kneaders and twin screws (co- and counter rotating) as well internal mixers are the most common used compounders in the plastic industry. [3]
After mixing, the rubber charge is dropped into a chute and fed by an extruding screw into a roller die. Alternatively, the batch can be dropped onto an open rubber mill batch-off system. A mill consists of twin counter-rotating rolls, one serrated, that provide additional mechanical working to the rubber and produce a thick rubber sheet.
Micro-compounding is typically performed with a tabletop, twin screw micro-compounder, or micro-extruder with a working volume of 5 or 15 milliliters. With such small volumes, it is difficult to have sufficient mixing in a continuous extruder. Therefore, micro-compounders typically have a batch mode (recirculation) and a conical shape.
This continuous wet granulation technology can be carried out on a twin-screw extruder into which solid materials and water can be fed at various parts. In the extruder the materials are mixed and granulated due to the intermesh of the screws, especially at the kneading elements. [3]