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The hash join is an example of a join algorithm and is used in the implementation of a relational database management system.All variants of hash join algorithms involve building hash tables from the tuples of one or both of the joined relations, and subsequently probing those tables so that only tuples with the same hash code need to be compared for equality in equijoins.
algorithm nested_loop_join is for each tuple r in R do for each tuple s in S do if r and s satisfy the join condition then yield tuple <r,s> This algorithm will involve n r *b s + b r block transfers and n r +b r seeks, where b r and b s are number of blocks in relations R and S respectively, and n r is the number of tuples in relation R.
The effectiveness of loop interchange depends on and must be considered in light of the cache model used by the underlying hardware and the array model used by the compiler. In C programming language , array elements in the same row are stored consecutively in memory (a[1,1], a[1,2], a[1,3]) ‒ in row-major order .
Loop invariants are used to monitor specific properties of a loop during successive iterations. Some programming languages, such as Eiffel contain native support for loop variants and invariants. In other cases, support is an add-on, such as the Java Modeling Language's specification for loop statements in Java.
A block-nested loop (BNL) is an algorithm used to join two relations in a relational database. [ 1 ] This algorithm [ 2 ] is a variation of the simple nested loop join and joins two relations R {\displaystyle R} and S {\displaystyle S} (the "outer" and "inner" join operands, respectively).
A hash variable is typically marked by a % sigil, to visually distinguish it from scalar, array, and other data types, and to define its behaviour towards iteration. A hash literal is a key-value list, with the preferred form using Perl's => token, which makes the key-value association clearer:
Because the entire inner loop is performed for each iteration of the outer loop, optimizations of the inner loop will have much greater effect than optimizations of the outer loop. In many languages there are at least two types of loops – for loops and while loops – and they can be nested within each other. [ 1 ]
Nested functions can be used for unstructured control flow, by using the return statement for general unstructured control flow.This can be used for finer-grained control than is possible with other built-in features of the language – for example, it can allow early termination of a for loop if break is not available, or early termination of a nested for loop if a multi-level break or ...