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The Alfa Romeo Twin Spark engine, introduced in the 1987 Alfa Romeo 75, also uses variable valve timing. [3] [4] The Alfa system varies the phase (not the duration) of the cam timing and operates on the inlet camshaft. [5] Alfa Romeo's variator is a cylindrical chamber that contains a pressure chamber and piston along with helical splines.
Alfa Romeo was the first manufacturer to use a variable valve timing system in production cars (US Patent 4,231,330). [10] The fuel injected models of the 1980 Alfa Romeo Spider 2000 had a mechanical VVT system. The system was engineered by Ing Giampaolo Garcea in the 1970s. [11] All Alfa Romeo Spider models from 1983 onward used electronic VVT ...
Since the 156's introduction, various four cylinder engine configurations were available and included the Alfa Romeo Twin Spark engine (1.6 L - 120 PS (88 kW), 1.8 L - 144 PS (106 kW) and 2.0 L - 155 PS (114 kW)) 16 valve models with variable valve timing, along with the straight-4 1.9-litre 8-valve 105 PS (77 kW).
These modifications include: "TwinPhaser" variable valve timing (cam-phasing on both inlet and exhaust cams, thus the name), gasoline direct injection and a higher compression ratio of 11.25:1. It also operates with a lean burn system up to about 1500 rpm, [ 4 ] as on many other engines from the company and is capable of generating 191 kW (260 ...
The Alfa Romeo Modular Inlet Manifold is a variable intake system fitted to the later CF2 1.8 and 2.0 litre Twin Spark engines. [citation needed] It operates by switching between two separate air intake runners of different lengths (one pair for each cylinder) to either shorten or lengthen the path from the end of the intake runner (within the plenum) to the inlet valves.
The Motronic ML4.1 system was used on Opel / Vauxhall eight-valve engines from 1987 to 1990, [12] Alfa Romeo and some PSA Peugeot Citroën XU9J-series engines. [4] Fuel enrichment during cold-start is achieved by altering the timing of the main injectors based on engine temperature, no "cold start" injector is required.