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The most common form of front suspension for a modern motorcycle is the telescopic fork. Other fork designs are girder forks, suspended on sprung parallel links (not common since the 1940s) and bottom leading link designs, not common since the 1960s. Vincent Black Lightning with Girdraulic front suspension
Most forks incorporate the front suspension and front brake, and allow the front wheel to rotate about the steering axis so that the bike may be steered. Most handlebars attach to the top clamp in various ways, while clip-on handlebars clamp to the fork tubes, either just above or just below the upper triple clamp.
On bikes with front suspension, especially telescopic forks, compressing the front suspension, due to heavy braking for example, can steepen the steering axis angle and reduce trail. Trail also varies with lean angle, and steering angle, usually decreasing from a maximum when the bike is straight upright and steered straight ahead. [ 45 ]
The fork offset is the perpendicular distance from the steering axis to the center of the front wheel. In bicycles, fork offset is also called fork rake. Road racing bicycle forks have an offset of 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in). [7]
1968 BMW R60US with conventional telescopic fork Telescopic fork in upside down design, with stanchions at the bottom.. Conventional telescopic forks invariably have a pair of fork tubes, or "stanchions", at the top, clamped to a triple tree (also called a triple clamp or a yoke), and the sliders are at the bottom, attached to the front wheel spindle.
The Vyrus 985 C3, an exclusive Italian motorcycle with hub-center steering, of which 24 were sold between 2004-2008 Hub-center steering in Bimota Tesi 1/D. Hub-center steering (HCS) is one of several different types of front-end suspension/steering mechanisms used in motorcycles and cargo bicycles. Hub-center steering is characterized by the ...