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A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especially prison farms). Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators.
Arbeitslager (German pronunciation: [ˈʔaʁbaɪtsˌlaːɡɐ]) is a German language word which means labor camp. Under Nazism , the German government (and its private-sector , Axis , and collaborator partners) used forced labor extensively , starting in the 1930s but most especially during World War II .
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families. [note 1]
Although most of them fit the definition of forced labor, only labor camps, and labor colonies were associated with punitive forced labor in detention. [4] Forced labor camps ("GULAG camps") were hard regime camps, whose inmates were serving more than three-year terms.
Forced exercises at Oranienburg, 1933. Traditionally, prisoners were often deployed in penal labor performing unskilled work. [1] During the first years of Nazi Germany's existence, unemployment was high and forced labor in the concentration camps was presented as re-education through labor and a means of punishing offenders.
Penal labour is a term for various kinds of forced labour [1] that prisoners are required to perform, typically manual labour. The work may be light or hard, depending on the context. [ 2 ] Forms of sentence involving penal labour have included involuntary servitude , penal servitude , and imprisonment with hard labour .
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Extermination through labour (or "extermination through work", German: Vernichtung durch Arbeit) is a term that was adopted to describe forced labor in Nazi concentration camps whose inmates were held in inhumane conditions and suffered a high mortality rate; in some camps most prisoners died within a few months of incarceration. [1]