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A brain metastasis is a cancer that has metastasized (spread) to the brain from another location in the body and is therefore considered a secondary brain tumor. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The metastasis typically shares a cancer cell type with the original site of the cancer. [ 3 ]
Brain metastasis can be single or multiple and involve any portion of the brain. Metastasis to dural structures generally occurs by hematogenous spread or direct invasion from a contiguous bone. Dural metastases can invade the underlying brain and cause focal edema and associated neurologic symptoms. These processes tend to cause seizures early ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 January 2025. Neoplasm in the brain Medical condition Brain tumor Other names Intracranial neoplasm, brain tumour, brain cancer Brain metastasis in the right cerebral hemisphere from lung cancer, shown on magnetic resonance imaging Specialty Neurosurgery, neuro-oncology Symptoms Vary depending on the ...
Extended survival has been seen, however, in a subgroup of AIDS patients with CD4 counts of more than 200 and no concurrent opportunistic infections, who can tolerate aggressive therapy consisting of either methotrexate monotherapy or vincristine, procarbazine, or whole brain radiotherapy. These patients have a median survival of 10–18 months.
A theory was developed that the brain was likely a pharmacologic sanctuary where sub-clinical metastases were protected from cytotoxic drugs by the blood–brain barrier. Oncologists hypothesized that treatment of this sub-clinical disease with radiation therapy may stamp out the malignant process before it could advance to cause symptoms.
The brain is susceptible to damage from conventional therapy. The brain has a limited capacity to repair itself. Many drugs cannot cross the blood–brain barrier to act on the tumor. Treatment of primary brain tumors consists of palliative (symptomatic) care and therapies intended to improve survival.
Life expectancy ~ 10 months with treatment (5 year survival <30%) Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is an embryonal central nervous system tumor . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is considered an embryonal tumor because it arises from cells partially differentiated or still undifferentiated from birth, usually neuroepithelial cells , stem cells ...
The overall 5 year survival rate is about 53%. [2] It gets its name because the majority of the cells in the tumor are derived from neuroectoderm, but have not developed and differentiated in the way a normal neuron would, and so the cells appear "primitive". PNET belongs to the Ewing family of tumors.