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Lactobacillaceae (Lactobacillus s.l.) species metabolize tryptophan into indole-3-aldehyde (I3A) which acts on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in intestinal immune cells, in turn increasing interleukin-22 (IL-22) production. [2] Indole itself triggers the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in intestinal L cells and acts as a ...
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Indole is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 CCNH 3. Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by substituent groups.
The enzyme indolepyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.74) catalyzes the chemical reaction 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO 2 This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases , specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.
Indole-3-carboxylate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.92) is an enzyme with systematic name indole-3-carboxylate carboxy-lyase. [1] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction. indole-3-carboxylate indole + CO 2. This enzyme is activated by Zn 2+, Mn 2+ or Mg 2+.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose-5-phosphate carboxy-lyase [cyclizing 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol-3-phosphate-forming]. Other names in common use include indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase , indoleglycerol phosphate synthase , indole-3-glycerophosphate synthase , 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1 ...
In addition to the light- or H 2 O 2-induced formation of FICZ, a number of other enzymatic pathways have been identified to convert Trp to FICZ via the precursor I3A. [2] [3] Oxidative deamination of Trp by aromatic amino acid aminotransferases (ArAT) or L-amino oxidases (LAAO), one of which is the IL4-inducible enzyme IL4I1, converts Trp to indole-3-pyruvate, which after decarboxylation ...
'MDMB-CHMICAa' [3] is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is a potent agonist of the CB 1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] While MDMB-CHMICA was initially sold under the name "MMB-CHMINACA", the compound corresponding to this code name (i.e. the isopropyl instead of t-butyl analogue of MDMB ...