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11th-century fresco in the Basilica of San Clemente, Rome: Saints Cyril and Methodius bring Saint Clement's relics to Rome. The Liber Pontificalis [20] presents a list that makes Linus the second in the line of bishops of Rome, with Peter as first; but at the same time it states that Peter ordained two bishops, Linus and Anacletus, for the priestly service of the community, devoting himself ...
The doctrine, practices and beliefs of Valentinus and the Gnostic movement that bore his name were condemned as heretical by proto-orthodox Christian leaders and scholars. Prominent Church Fathers such as Irenaeus of Lyons and Hippolytus of Rome wrote against Gnosticism. Because early church leaders encouraged the destruction of Gnostic texts ...
Clement of Alexandria interprets "Fire of Wisdom" which prevades the soul as by a baptism. [143] Clement of Alexandria used the word "symbol" to define the Eucharist, and interpreted John 6 to be an allegory about faith, however his views on real presence are disputed. [144] [145] Clement of Alexandria was apparently an amillennialist. [146]
Clement of Rome (c. 35 –99) was bishop of Rome from 88 to 99. Irenaeus and Tertullian list him as the fourth bishop after Peter , Linus and Anacletus . [ 8 ] He was said to have been consecrated by Peter the Apostle, and he is known to have been a leading member of the Church in Rome in the late 1st century.
Clement of Rome (also known as Pope Clement I) was a late 1st-century bishop of Rome who, according to Tertullian, was ordained by St. Peter. According to Irenaeus, Clement was the fourth bishop of Rome after Anacletus. Eusebius described him as the "co-laborer" of Paul and identified him with the Clement mentioned in Philippians 4:3. [8]
A 2009 critical study by Otto Zwierlein has concluded that "there is not a single piece of reliable literary evidence (and no archaeological evidence either) that Peter ever was in Rome." [127] 1 Clement, a document that has been dated anywhere from the 90s to the 120s, is one of the earliest sources adduced in support of Peter's stay in Rome ...
En route to his martyrdom in Rome, Ignatius wrote a series of letters which have been preserved as an example of the theology of the earliest Christians. Important topics addressed in these letters include ecclesiology, the sacraments, the role of bishops, and Biblical Sabbath. [91] He is the second after Clement to mention Paul's epistles. [92]
He asserts that there is no evidence of these converts having any difficulty comprehending the Christian Church's teachings and integrating them with their existing Judaic beliefs; however in the post-Apostolic Age, Bernard claims that Hermas, Clement of Rome, Polycarp, Polycrates, Ignatius (who lived between 90 and 140 AD), and Irenaeus (who ...