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A selection of glass beads Merovingian bead Trade beads, 18th century Trade beads, 18th century. A bead is a small, decorative object that is formed in a variety of shapes and sizes of a material such as stone, bone, shell, glass, plastic, wood, or pearl and with a small hole for threading or stringing.
Two principal techniques are used to produce seed beads: the wound method and the drawn method. The wound method is the more-traditional technique, is more time-consuming, and is no longer used in modern bead production: in this technique, a chunk of glass known in glassmaking as a gather and composed mainly of silica is heated on an iron bar until molten.
Each bead is the beach-worn apex of a cone snail. Such shells are often strung as necklaces, known as puka shell necklaces. Puka is the Hawaiian word for "hole" and refers to the naturally occurring hole in the middle of these rounded and worn shell fragments. Numerous inexpensive imitations are now widely sold as puka shell necklaces.
The name is the word for shell bead in the Eastern Keresan language of the Santo Domingo Indians. [2] The oldest specimens of heishe date back to around 6000 BCE, although the same technique was used in northern Africa 30,000 years ago, using ostrich eggshell. [2]
After the bead is slowly cooled, it is removed from the rod, resulting in a hole for eventual stringing as jewelry. Wedding cake beads known as Fiorato (decorated with glass overlays featuring roses, swirls and dots) and Venetian foil beads (with fusion of color, gold and silver foil) are two of the kinds of beads made using the lamp-work method.
Later, when the beads were made of polyethylene, it became possible to fuse them with a flat iron. HAMA began producing pegboard beads in 1971, but they only became fusible by the late 70s. [ 9 ] Peter Schneck and Dee Dee Schneck founded the Perler brand of fuse bead in 1981 in California , [ 10 ] and the beads gained popularity during the ...