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White matter is the tissue through which messages pass between different areas of grey matter within the central nervous system. The white matter is white because of the fatty substance (myelin) that surrounds the nerve fibers (axons). This myelin is found in almost all long nerve fibers, and acts as an electrical insulation.
The white matter is substantially affected, with noticeable atrophy (tissue loss), in addition to calcification of the arteries. [2] [6] [17] Microinfarcts may also be present in the gray matter (cerebral cortex), sometimes in large numbers. [2]
Age-related decrease in gray matter volume was the largest contribution to changes in brain volume. Moreover, neuronal density appears to decrease, white matter microstructure gets altered and energy metabolism in the cerebellum gets altered. [16] General cortical atrophy occurs in aging and e.g. the caudate nucleus volume appears to decrease.
Researchers analyzing the white matter of superagers over a 5-year period found that despite comparable overall white matter health with typical older adults, superagers exhibited superior ...
Periaqueductal gray; Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus; Midbrain reticular formation; Dorsal raphe nucleus; Red nucleus; Ventral tegmental area. Parabrachial pigmented nucleus; Paranigral nucleus; Rostromedial tegmental nucleus; Caudal linear nucleus; Rostral linear nucleus of the raphe; Interfascicular nucleus ...
Grey matter is distinguished from white matter in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axons. [1] The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually ...
This isn’t the first time that better sleep has been linked with a lower risk of dementia: A study published in October even found that people with sleep apnea are more likely to develop dementia.
In aging, degradation of white matter structure has emerged as an important general factor, further focusing attention on the critical white matter connections. [citation needed] Exercise affects many people young and old. [14] For the young, if exercise is introduced it can form a constructive habit that can be instilled throughout adulthood.