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"Corrections" is also the name of a field of academic study concerned with the theories, policies, and programs pertaining to the practice of corrections. Its object of study includes personnel training and management as well as the experiences of those on the other side of the fence — the unwilling subjects of the correctional process. [1]
The alternatives to imprisonment are types of punishment or treatment other than time in prison that can be given to a person who is convicted of committing a crime. Some of these are also known as alternative sanctions. Alternatives can take the form of fines, restorative justice, transformative justice or no punishment at all.
Federal correctional complexes [1] Former Federal facilities This list does not include military prisons , halfway houses , or prisons, jails, and other facilities operated by state or local governments that contract with the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
In Southern cities, a different form of violence emerged in the post-war years. Race riots erupted in Southern cities almost immediately after the war and continued for years afterward. Edward L. Ayers concludes that antebellum legal restraints on blacks and widespread poverty were the primary cause of many of these clashes. [295]
Like all other aspects of criminal justice, the administration of punishment has taken many different forms throughout history. Early on, when civilizations lacked the resources necessary to construct and maintain prisons, exile and execution were the primary forms of punishment.
It is common to broadly categorize the functions of a criminal justice system into policing, adjudication (i.e.: courts), and corrections, although other categorization schemes exist. [2] Comparativists study the four different types of societies [ clarify ] , their methods of enforcement and their different types of punishment such as capital ...
A 19th-century jail room at a Pennsylvania museum. A prison, [a] also known as a jail, [b] gaol, [c] penitentiary, detention center, [d] correction center, correctional facility, remand center, hoosegow, and slammer, is a facility where people are imprisoned under the authority of the state, usually as punishment for various crimes.
Law enforcement in the United States; Law; Courts; Corrections; Separation of powers; Legislative; Executive; Judicial; Jurisdiction; Federal; Tribal; State; County ...