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Marcan priority (or Markan priority) is the hypothesis that the Gospel of Mark was the first of the three synoptic gospels to be written, and was used as a source by the other two (Matthew and Luke). It is a central element in discussion of the synoptic problem—the question of the documentary relationship among these three gospels.
It was originally written in Greek and is often interpreted as a Gnostic text. It is typically not considered a gospel by scholars since it does not focus on the life of Jesus. [106] Gospel of the Nazareans: Early 2nd c. Aramaic version of Matthew, possibly lacking the first two chapters; Jewish-Christian Gospel of Nicodemus: 5th c.
The canonical Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John can be found in most Christian Bibles. Gospels (Greek: εὐαγγέλιον; Latin: evangelium) are written records detailing the life and teachings of Jesus. [1]
The Augustinian hypothesis addresses certain fundamental points of contention surrounding the synoptic problem, such as how reliable the early Christian tradition is, which gospel was written first, whether there were other unknown sources behind the gospels, to what extent, if any, the gospels were redacted, and to what extent the gospels were ...
The Gospel of Matthew [a] is the first book of the New Testament of the Bible and one of the three synoptic Gospels. It tells how Israel's messiah ( Christ ), Jesus , comes to his people (the Jews) but is rejected by them and how, after his resurrection , he sends the disciples to the gentiles instead. [ 3 ]
Matthew is often cited as the "first Gospel account", not only owing to its place in the canon, but also in view of the patristic witness to this effect. However, most biblical scholars see the gospel account of Mark as having been written first and John's gospel account as having been written last of the four.
Priority: Which gospel was written first? (If one text draws from another, the source must have been composed first.) Successive dependence: Did each of the synoptic gospels draw from each of its predecessors? (If not, the frequent agreements between the two independent gospels against the third must originate elsewhere.)
Most critical scholars reject the early church tradition linking the gospel to John Mark, [6] [7] [8] who was a companion of Saint Peter, and it is generally agreed that it was written anonymously for a gentile audience, probably in Rome, sometime shortly before or after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD. [9] [10]