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Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss. [1] [2] For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg. [3]
Ocular hypertension (OHT) is defined by intraocular pressure being higher than normal, in the absence of optic nerve damage or visual field loss. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Ocular hypotension, hypotony, or ocular hypotony , is typically defined as intraocular pressure equal to or less than 5 mmHg.
Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury , with the normal eye pressure range between 10 and 21 mmHg (13–28 hPa). Methods [ edit ]
For eye pressures, a value of 28 hPa (21 mmHg) above atmospheric pressure 1,010 hPa (760 mmHg) is often used, with higher pressures leading to a greater risk. [2] [26] However, some may have high eye pressure for years and never develop damage. [2] Conversely, optic nerve damage may occur with normal pressure, known as normal-tension glaucoma. [27]
The pupil of the human eye can range in size from 2 mm to over 8 mm to adapt to the environment. The human eye can detect a luminance from 10 −6 cd/m 2, or one millionth (0.000001) of a candela per square meter to 10 8 cd/m 2 or one hundred million (100,000,000) candelas per square meter.
Usually, the IOP in normal infants is in the range of 11-14 mmHg. [7] Buphthalmos and Haab's striae can often be seen in case of congenital glaucoma. [citation needed] Its diagnosis process typically involves an eye examination, including measurement of intraocular pressure, corneal diameter, and optic nerve assessment.