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Statistics is a mathematical body of science that pertains to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data, [5] or as a branch of mathematics. [6] Some consider statistics to be a distinct mathematical science rather than a branch of mathematics. While many scientific investigations make use of data ...
There are a variety of functions that are used to calculate statistics. Some include: Sample mean, sample median, and sample mode; Sample variance and sample standard deviation; Sample quantiles besides the median, e.g., quartiles and percentiles; Test statistics, such as t-statistic, chi-squared statistic, f statistic
"Lies, damned lies, and statistics" is a phrase describing the persuasive power of statistics to bolster weak arguments, "one of the best, and best-known" critiques of applied statistics. [2] It is also sometimes colloquially used to doubt statistics used to prove an opponent's point.
The term statistics is ultimately derived from the Neo-Latin statisticum collegium ("council of state") and the Italian word statista ("statesman" or "politician"). The German Statistik , first introduced by Gottfried Achenwall (1749), originally designated the analysis of data about the state , signifying the "science of state" (then called ...
Data (/ ˈ d eɪ t ə / DAY-tə, US also / ˈ d æ t ə / DAT-ə) are a collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted formally. A datum is an individual value in a collection of ...
Official statistics are statistics published by government agencies or other public bodies such as international organizations as a public good. They provide quantitative or qualitative information on all major areas of citizens' lives, such as economic and social development, [ 1 ] living conditions, [ 2 ] health , [ 3 ] education , [ 4 ] and ...
This glossary of statistics and probability is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in the mathematical sciences of statistics and probability, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. For additional related terms, see Glossary of mathematics and Glossary of experimental design .
The definition of a scientific fact is different from the definition of fact, as it implies knowledge. A scientific fact is the result of a repeatable careful observation or measurement by experimentation or other means, also called empirical evidence. These are central to building scientific theories.