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Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific research, in the areas of natural science, technology, and social science.Different methods can be used to disburse funding, but the term often connotes funding obtained through a competitive process, in which potential research projects are evaluated and only the most promising receive funding.
Different academic publishers have widely varying levels of fees, from under $100 to over $5000, and even sometimes as high as €9500 ($10851) for the journal Nature. [1] [15] [16] [17] Meanwhile, an independent study indicated that the actual costs of efficiently publishing a scholarly article should be in the region of €200–€1000. [18]
As of 1999, industrial sources accounted for an estimated $2.2 billion of academic research funding in the US. [2] However, there is little governmental oversight or tracking of industry funding on academic science and figures of the scale of industry research are often estimated by self-reporting and surveys which can be somewhat unreliable.
Unlike loans, grants do not need to be repaid, [1] making them an attractive source of funding for various activities, such as research, education, public service projects, and business ventures. Examples include student grants , research grants, the Sovereign Grant paid by the UK Treasury to the monarch , and some European Regional Development ...
Academic publishing is the subfield of publishing which distributes academic research and scholarship. Most academic work is published in academic journal articles, books or theses . The part of academic written output that is not formally published but merely printed up or posted on the Internet is often called " grey literature ".
College-educated people tend to trust mainstream media, government reports, and scientific and academic sources whose facts, interpretations, and conclusions are based on disciplinary expertise ...
Academia.edu is a commercial platform for sharing academic research that is uploaded and distributed by researchers from around the world. All academic articles are free to read by visitors, however uploading and downloading articles is restricted to registered users, with additional features accessible only as a paid subscription. [3] [4]
At most colleges, athletics are a money-losing proposition that would not exist without billions of dollars in mandatory student contributions — a burden that grows greater every year, according to our review of five years of NCAA financial reports obtained through public records requests from 201 D-1 universities.