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The Simpel-Fonetik alphabet is based on the Latin script, with the addition of three letters with diacritics: ä, ö, and ü (with umlaut). The alphabet does not include the letters c , q , x , or y , which are only used when writing unassimilated foreign terms or proper names.
This article explains the phonology of Malay and Indonesian based on the pronunciation of Standard Malay, which is the official language of Brunei and Singapore, "Malaysian" of Malaysia, and Indonesian the official language of Indonesia and a working language in Timor Leste.
List of languages Language Language family Phonemes Notes Ref Total Consonants Vowels, tones and stress Arabic (Standard): Afroasiatic: 34: 28 6 Modern spoken dialects might have a different number of phonemes; for exmple the long vowels /eː/ and /oː/ are phonemic in most Mashriqi dialects.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Malay (Malaysian and Indonesian) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
In most dialects, the fortis stops and affricate /p, t, tʃ, k/ have various different allophones, and are distinguished from the lenis stops and affricate /b, d, dʒ, ɡ/ by several phonetic features. [21] The allophones of the fortes /p, t, tʃ, k/ include: aspirated [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] when they occur in the onset of a stressed syllable, as in ...
In less formally precise terms, a language with a highly phonemic orthography may be described as having regular spelling or phonetic spelling. Another terminology is that of deep and shallow orthographies , in which the depth of an orthography is the degree to which it diverges from being truly phonemic.
The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]
Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety.