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The Safavid Shāh Ismā'īl I established the Twelver denomination of Shīʿa Islam as the official religion of the Persian Empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. [5] The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian ...
The battle between the young Ismā'īl and Shah Farrukh Yassar of Shirvan. Ismail I was born to Martha and Shaykh Haydar on July 17, 1487, in Ardabil.His father, Haydar, was the sheikh of the Safavid tariqa (Sufi order) and a direct descendant of its Kurdish founder, [16] [17] [18] Safi-ad-din Ardabili (1252–1334).
The end of the reign of Abbas II, 1666, thus marked the beginning of the end of the Safavid dynasty. Despite falling revenues and military threats, later shahs had lavish lifestyles. Soltan Hoseyn (1694–1722) in particular was known for his love of wine and disinterest in governance. [157] Map of the Safavid Empire, published 1736.
Herat, Safavid Iran (modern-day Afghanistan) 1 October 1588 – 19 January 1629 19 January 1629 (aged 57) Ashraf, Iran He came to the throne with the help of qezelbash rulers. Early peace with the Ottoman Empire and buying time to reorganize the government and the army. Moved the capital of the Safavid dynasty from Qazvin to Isfahan. Attack on ...
Safavid Iran was one of the Islamic "gunpowder empires", along with its neighbours, its archrival and principal enemy the Ottoman Empire, as well as the Mughal Empire. The Safavid ruling dynasty was founded by Ismāil, who styled himself Shāh Ismāil I. [129]
Junayd's grandson, Ismail, further altered the nature of the order when he founded the Safavid empire in 1501 and proclaimed Twelver Shi'ism as the state religion, at which point he imported Twelver Shia Ulama largely from Lebanon and Syria to transform the order into a Twelver Shi'i dynasty. [5] [6] [7] [8]
This traced the Safavid family's lineage back to the eighth Shia Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Rida, who is buried in the Imam Reza shrine, the most revered location in Safavid Iran. The status of the Safavid family was enhanced due to their connections with Ali and Muhammad's family, as recognized by sources up to the 20th-century. [22]
Soomra dynasty (1026–1351 CE) Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527 CE) Bidar Sultanate (1489–1619 CE) Berar Sultanate (1490–1572 CE) Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1490–1636 CE) Chak dynasty (1554-1586 CE) [12] Qutb Shahi dynasty (1512–1687 CE) Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE) Najm-i-Sani dynasty (1658–1949 CE) Nawabs of Oudh (1722–1858 CE)