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Medieval music encompasses the sacred and secular music of Western Europe during the Middle Ages, [1] from approximately the 6th to 15th centuries. It is the first and longest major era of Western classical music and is followed by the Renaissance music; the two eras comprise what musicologists generally term as early music, preceding the common practice period.
A medieval carving of a symphonia player from Beverley Minster. Music in Medieval England, from the end of Roman rule in the fifth century until the Reformation in the sixteenth century, was a diverse and rich culture, including sacred and secular music and ranging from the popular to the elite.
James IV was said to be constantly accompanied by music, but very little surviving secular music can be unequivocally attributed to his court. There is evidence that there was a flourishing culture of popular music in Scotland during the Late Middle Ages, but the only song with a melody to survive from this period is the "Pleugh Song".
The interior of the Chapel Royal, Stirling Castle, a major focus for liturgical court music. Court music in Scotland is all music associated with the Royal Court of Scotland, between its origins in the tenth century, until its effective dissolution in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries with the Union of Crowns 1603 and Acts of Union 1707.
No surviving lyrics or music for the carol have been identified. [2] In northern France, other terms for this type of dance included "ronde" and its diminutives "rondet", "rondel", and "rondelet" from which the more modern music term "rondeau" derives. [3] In the German-speaking areas, this same type of choral dance was known as "reigen". [4]
Surviving sources indicate that there was a rich and varied musical soundscape in medieval Britain. [1] Historians usually distinguish between ecclesiastical music, designed for use in church, or in religious ceremonies, and secular music for use from royal and baronial courts, celebrations of some religious events, to public and private entertainments of the people. [1]
The court was not the only venue for troubadour performance. Competitions were held from an early date. According to the vida of the Monge de Montaudon, he received a sparrow hawk, a prized hunting bird, for his poetry from the cour du Puy, some sort of poetry society associated with the court of Alfonso II of Aragon. The most famous contests ...
The screenplay by Jean Anouilh and Jean Aurenche portrays three love stories set in three different centuries (medieval, 1830, 1930), with incidental music by the composers Darius Milhaud and Arthur Honegger, orchestrated by the conductor Roger Désormière. Milhaud chose the medieval court of René I in the fifteenth century. [3]