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This article explains the phonology of Malay and Indonesian based on the pronunciation of Standard Malay, which is the official language of Brunei and Singapore, "Malaysian" of Malaysia, and Indonesian the official language of Indonesia and a working language in Timor Leste.
Malay (/ m ə ˈ l eɪ / mə-LAY; [9] Malay: Bahasa Melayu, Jawi: بهاس ملايو) is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. It is also spoken in East Timor and southern part of Thailand.
The Sambas Malay language encompasses several dialects, notably the 'e' and 'o' dialects. The differences in these dialects primarily lies in the phonology. The Malay spoken in the town of Sambas closely resembles the dialect spoken in Ngabang in Landak Regency, the Dayak Nyaduʼ language, and Pontianak Malay.
Mekong Delta Malay, a variety of the Malay language that has existed since the 14th century, thanks to trade between the Khmer Empire and Malay traders, especially from the Sultanate of Malacca. Used by a mixed Muslim community of Cham , Khmer , and Malay called " Chvea ", mainly in Southern Cambodia, also around the Mekong River basin in Vietnam.
Pahang Malay is known for its sharp rise and fall of tone and quick flowing accent. It exhibits a number of differences from the Standard Malay, particularly in phonology and vocabulary. [3] Even though it shares many similarities with standard Malay, the dialect in its purest form remains unintelligible to standard Malay speakers.
Petjo's phonology is based on the Malay phonology. This means that both words in Malay and in Dutch sound sequences in syllables are lengthened, consonants and vowels are likely to overlap each other (CVCV); some consonants that follow each other (consonant clusters) are most likely to be avoided.
Belitung Malay is a vernacular Malay variety that shares linguistic features with peninsular Malay, Eastern Sumatra Malay, and the Malay variety of West Kalimantan. [2] Belitung Malay exhibits a closer resemblance to the Malay spoken in Sumatra and Kalimantan than to standard Jakarta Indonesian, particularly in terms of phonology and lexicon.
Jambi Malay is the most widely spoken language in eastern Jambi and is also partially spoken in western Jambi, where Kerinci and Minangkabau dominate. Jambi Malay is the dominant language across most regencies and cities in Jambi, except for Kerinci Regency and the city of Sungai Penuh in western Jambi. [10]